Enron Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Enron - Research Paper Example The company regularly featured into the most innovative firms categories across America (McLean & Elkind, 2003).   The first investigations was of their complex and private networking with off-shore partners and then into their accounting practices. Enron bankruptcy is also known as largest audit failure in the history of America. The bankruptcy further led to the Arthur Andersen’s dissolution, which at that time were world’s fifth largest accountancy and audit partnerships. Before Enron bankrupted in the year 2001, its annual revenues increased from around 9 billion dollars in 1995 to more than 100 billion dollars in 2000. The audit after the investigation revealed that the company’s financial conditions were covered largely by systematic, institutionalized as well as creatively planned ethical and accounting fraud (Deli & Gillan, 2000). Thomas (2002a) examined the drop of the stock prices of the firm, which was less than 1 dollar per share by 2001 from 90 dollars per share, before the investigation. It was also found that Enron revised its annual financial statements over the past five years in order to cover its 586 million dollar losses. It was declared bankrupt on 2nd December, 2001 (Bartlett & Glin ­ska, 2001). The current research paper will analyze the event’s details included conflicts in interests, management as well as accounting fraud. The analyzing will consist of both corporation’s perception and individual’s perception. The broader perspective of the research paper is to examine the scandal from multiple perspectives. The background of the paper has provided a summary of the scandal and situation of the company before and after the scandal. The paper will throw light on the business model that was implemented by Enron and culture, legal and moral implications of the business model that impacted the company in its later stages. Special light on the transformational and trait leadership in

Native American Lierature Essay Example for Free

Native American Lierature Essay Native American culture is an evolving topic for people who consider themselves Natives now but throughout the history of their ancestors they have been forced to define themselves over and over again. The culture that exists today is not the same one that existed but has changed due to the events going on in the world around them and the desire to fit in a constantly changing world. Most of what has survived time from the Native American legacy is the things that now define what Native Americans used to be to most of the culture today. These are the things that today are seen on television, people in odd little pieces of clothing riding bare back on horses making noises by patting their mouth with their hand. But this is not very representative of the culture as a whole. One of the main ways histories is passed down for any group of people to its descendants is through story and the Native American people did this in a more unique and powerful way them most cultures. Each of these stories in the collection of Native American authors have one thing in common (besides the fact that they are all Native American) and it is that they are all telling their story. No other culture only writes about what they know but they tell stories of epic heroes of long ago and they can be used to fill in the history of the people that write. Story telling for this culture is not just way to entertain themselves or each other but a way of sharing what they have learned and the history of their people. Most Native American stories are written with a purpose. The literary devices that are used within Native American Literature have come out of the tradition of vocal storytelling that later gets put from pen to paper. One literary device that was used is imagery for example in â€Å"The Little People† by Maria Campbell she goes on about the house to tell the reader about how their houses were different and similar at the same time. â€Å"There were open beams on the ceiling and under these ran four long poles the length of the house. The poles served as racks where furs where hung to dry in the winter†¦ roots hanging from the walls†. Campbell page 77). In another story â€Å"Return to White Earth† by John Rogers he goes into such detail about little things like how they made dishes, â€Å"†¦Mother would teach us how to make dishes out of birch bark†¦ it was urgent that we understood how to make our own dishes. These we fashioned as we needed them, for always did we carry birch bark with us. Sometimes we had soup, and this would call for deeper dishes. The dishes were always burned after each meal- no washing and nothing left around to attract bugs or flies. † (Rogers, page 53). These details seem randomly placed in the stories since sometimes things that one might feel like there should be detail to has little to no detail like when Campbell talks about her uncle’s death she talks about it like it was no big deal (Campbell page 79). But these stories are not just stories for the sake of entertainment but many of these stories are autobiographies that people wrote later in their lives. The details that they remember are not always the ones that one would classify as important but it is knowledge that the details that are written in the book are the ones that impacted the Native American’s live the most. People of any culture often seek an identity to label themselves with so that they can fit into society. The Native American culture has been changed quickly since the United States began and moved west taking over their territories. This causes many of the stories that take place to end a very different setting then it started. An identity can do many things for a person including giving their lives definition from legal, to social and personal purposes. The role of social identity plays its way with the Native American literature and storytelling like it does with any scenario. Any person who is looking to social belong within a group of people is going to change themselves to some degree in order to do so. When people within a group change their behavior it causes the group itself to slowly change its dynamic. Most of the character’s within this week’s readings are not only subject to the community they are in and the rules that their people live by but also the rules and communities of other people and villages that practice similar ways of living or are forced to occupy the same space. These stories are written for what feels like the ancestors of the people who wrote the story to begin with. Much like the oral tradition of story telling it seems like the writing was meant as a way to pass down the tribe’s histories to the next generation. Being that American English majors of the twenty first century we are probably not the target audience sometimes the language is hard to understand. The Native people lived in these lands longer then the American people have but over time the Americans have come into the lives of the Natives and forced them either leave to live by the rules of a different people. This change did not happen over night but it is why the stories in this book are so very different over time. The stories help pass down traction from the elders to their daughters, sons and grandchildren without have the type of rule books that many cultures follow. The Native American people have had hard times but have grown in with the culture that surrounds them and has adapted to living lives both true to themselves and socially expectable which are two things that often are not easy to coincide.

Eluded Socialist Allusions within Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath :: essays papers

Eluded Socialist Allusions within Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath Imagine awaking to the first rays of dawn, finding yourself lying on a tattered scrap of cardboard beneath a highway overpass. Your empty stomach churns with numbing hunger and you know today will be yet another listless scramble for survival. Homeless, jobless, and hungry, you glare with fervent jealousy at those clothed, groomed, and pompous passers-by grasping their purses and wallets tightly when they catch sight of you. Ashamed and enraged, you feel cheated and wonder how it is possible for such financial diversity to exist within the same city. You pitifully prop yourself against a wall on a busy street corner and await the morning rush hour that will supply your meager breakfast. The extreme poverty experienced by the unfortunate farmers who were forced into vagrancy during the Great Depression is not unlike the neediness that exists in American ghettos today. Such widespread destitution is a direct result of an inadequate economic system. Through tales of helpless fa milies’ tribulation, Steinbeck and Kotlowitz disclose the defects of the capitalist system in The Grapes of Wrath and There Are No Children Here, meanwhile alluding to an alternative economic structure: socialism. Throughout the novels, disadvantaged families become helpless victims of the lack of effective government aid in their area, an adverse effect of extreme capitalism. The Chicago Housing Authority actually hired â€Å"private security guards [who] searched out the squatters and physically removed them† (Kotlowitz 79). By kicking homeless people back out on the street, this government outfit coldly disregarded the basic human need of shelter in order to preserve their right to the decrepit property of the Henry Horner Homes. Such self-interested procedures are frequent and permitted through the capitalist ideas of personal property ownership. The â€Å"salesmen, neat, deadly, [with] small, intent eyes watching for weakness† depicted in an intercalary chapter are exemplary members of those who abuse the system . These malefactors, examples of limitless capitalism fueled by selfishness and greed, are able to prey on the vulnerable migrants because the mandating power set no restrictions against such unjust monopoly. Similarly, the violence that denigrates childhood in There Are No Children Here could be prevented if the government enforced laws against such brutality. Unfortunately, rash and illegal gang business is transacted with impunity in the Henry Horner Homes area daily because no one bothers to regulate illicit activity.

Project Management Summary Essay

Strategic portfolio management plays an intricate part in project management. Through this paper, the reader will gain a stronger understanding of the relationship that strategic portfolio management plays in project management. Strategic Management Relation to Project Management Project management involves several parts, but the meaning must be understood first. â€Å"Project management is the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives† (Kezner, 2013, p4). Knowing this allows the project manager to implement steps toward achievement of the defined goals and objectives. Part of these steps has to do with strategic management. Project management is strategically managed to advance the corporation’s organizational goals. Strategic management insures the right initiatives are pursued and supported with resources. Strategy today needs to align to a more fluid nature of business environments. It has to be flexible enough to adapt constantly to changing external and internal conditions. The relationship between strategic portfolio management and project management is a very important relationship. Strategic management compliments project management in that it attempts to ensure success by way of doing things at the most opportune time. If a company attempts something too early or too late then possible negative consequences may occur. Projects, within programs or portfolios, are a means of achieving organizational goals and objectives, often in the context of a strategic plan. Although a group of projects within a program can have discrete benefits, they can also contribute to the benefits of the program, to the objectives of the portfolio, and to the strategic plan of the organization. Conclusion As stated at the beginning of this paper â€Å"strategic portfolio management  plays an intricate part in project management†. The reader should now have a stronger understanding of the relationship that strategic portfolio management plays in project management. References Kerzner, Ph.D., H. (2013). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling (11th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection. Project Management Institute. (2013). A guide to the project management body of knowledge. (PMBOK guide). Newtown Square, Pa: Project Management Institute.

Marketing Strategy †Adidas

ProductThe group has maintained a culture of providing high quality products aimed at providing the best value to the costumer. The products portfolio is continuously enhanced through creations and innovations throughout the companies various categories.This is pursued in order to cater to the various needs and wants of consumers worldwide. Well-known brands for sports apparels, equipment and accessories, the Adidas group has a diverse brand portfolio consists of: Adidas: footwear, apparel and accessories; Reebok: footwear, apparel and accessories; TaylorMade Adidas Golf: Golf Equipment, footwear, apparel and accessories; Rockport: Dress, casual and outdoor footwear, apparel and accessories; CCMHockey: Hockey equipment and apparel. Adidas had implement latest technologies in their products which able to enhance performances of players and they focus on sports such as football, tennis, basketball and even training shoes which are used by anyone with the ability to run. Their new techn ologies have lead to the production of Climacool, a shoe with a ventilation system and a shoe with an energy management system that guides and drives an athlete’s foot through each stride. PriceAdidas adapt a premium pricing strategy which it is a strategy where companies charge a premium price for their products. Adidas is trying to penetrating markets by using market skimming tactics – use premium strategy and offer high quality and customer satisfaction for high prices. This had clearly positions itself as a top-notch brand in the market.PlaceThe company has adopted an ambitious global plan to distribute its products to the consumer with a strong focus on controlled space, including: Own-retail business, e-commerce, Shop-in-Shop, Joint ventures with retail partners, mono-branded franchise stores, co-branded stores with sports organizations and other brands. Hence, a high level of brand control is provided. In addition, an â€Å"integrated distribution roadmap† has been set up to ensure further growth and to increase brand presence in under-penetrated, affluent cities, without cannibalizing their own brands and distribution mix.PromotionThe Adidas group sells products in virtually every country of the world. Thus, different promotional tools are used in order to reduce the number of lost customers and to increase sales. The group has set up an unparalleled portfolio of promotion partnerships with international recognized sports associations (e.g. UEFA, FIFA, NBA, NFL, and NHL). Henceforth, commercials, ads, apps for smart phones, product placement, sponsorships for athletes and sport events (e.g. Berlin Marathon 2011) are implemented. Adidas has provided the Official Match Ball containing Logo of the Adidas for FIFA World Cup 2010 (South Africa).Adidas is tier one partner and sponsor for the coming London 2012 Olympics – one of the important Sporting Event of the World. The officials and staff of 2012 Olympics wearing Adidas Sport swear during Inaugural and Closing ceremonies will always leave Adidas in the brains of the Millions of the people watching these ceremonies. Adidas has hailed its biggest ever UK marketing campaign ‘Take the Stage’ for lifting sales of London 2012-related merchandise to around  £100m.Q2. Why Adidas Sponsor In London Olympics But Not New York Or Malaysia? A worldwide sporting event like The Olympics or world Cup provides a huge marketing opportunity for sports apparel companies, which have long enjoyed a spike in sales during such events. Historically, the Olympic Games have been an ideal forum for brands looking to strengthen their global presence. â€Å"Faster, Higher, Stronger†: it is the motto of the Olympic Games. But it is also a pretty good fit for the global market for athletic footwear, apparel and equipment.Retail sales totaled an estimated USD 340 billion in 2011. That represented growth of 7%, well ahead of global GDP growth of 2.5%. Companies have paid hefty sums for the privilege of being associated with the Games, convinced that no other event in the world offers the unique combination of mass worldwide exposure and fostering of positive values. London Olympics will put sport into the living rooms of billions of consumers around the globe, which should help to keep revenues in the segment on an upward trajectory. London is a key focus for the sportswear market, for both performance sportswear and sports fashion.This market sets more trends than anywhere else in the country. London 2012 gave Adidas a  platform to target this audience but with a global reach. As a result of the marketing strategy in London 2012, Adidas said that the Olympics, alongside its sponsorship activity around the European Championships and the Champions League, helped push sales up 15 per cent to â‚ ¬3.5bn ( £2.8bn) year-on-year in its second quarter. Net income jumped 18% to â‚ ¬165m ( £129m). Other non Olympic host – such as Malay sia, did not gain sponsorship from Adidas although Malaysia had hosted some major sport events such as F1.However, car racing is not there main product line of Adidas. Adidas main pipelines lies in running, training, football, basketball etc, which these sport is also a major attention worldwide. F1 for example, did not have vast amount of audience compare to football and basketball. Return of investment for sponsoring are not significant as market penetration is not huge as per Olympics.

Korean War MiG-15 Communist Jet Fighter

Korean War MiG-15 Communist Jet Fighter In the immediate wake of World War II, the Soviet Union captured a wealth of German jet engine and aeronautical research. Utilizing this, they produced their first practical jet fighter, the MiG-9, in early 1946. While capable, this aircraft lacked the top speed of the standard American jets of the day, such as the P-80 Shooting Star. Though MiG-9 was operational, Russian designers continued to have issues perfecting the German HeS-011 axial-flow jet engine. As a result, airframe designs produced by Artem Mikoyan and Mikhail Gurevichs design bureau began to outpace the ability to produce engines to power them. While the Soviets struggled with developing jet engines, the British had created advanced centrifugal flow engines. In 1946, Soviet aviation minister Mikhail Khrunichev and aircraft designer Alexander Yakovlev approached Premier Joseph Stalin with the suggestion of buying several British jet engines. Though not believing that the British would part with such advanced technology, Stalin gave them permission to contact London. Much to their surprise, the new Labour government of Clement Atlee, which was friendlier towards the Soviets, agreed to the sale of several Rolls-Royce Nene engines along with a licensing agreement for overseas production. Bringing the engines to the Soviet Union, engine designer Vladimir Klimov immediately began reverse-engineering the design. The result was the Klimov RD-45. With the engine issue effectively resolved, the Council of Ministers issued decree #493-192 on April 15, 1947, calling for two prototypes for a new jet fighter. Design time was limited as the decree called for test flights in December. Due to the limited time allowed, designers at MiG elected to use the MiG-9 as a starting point. Modifying the aircraft to include swept wings and a redesigned tail, they soon produced the I-310. Possessing a clean appearance, the I-310 was capable of 650 mph and defeated the Lavochkin La-168 in trials. Re-designated the MiG-15, the first production aircraft flew December 31, 1948. Entering service in 1949, it was given the NATO reporting name Fagot. Principally intended for intercepting American bombers, such as the B-29 Superfortress, the MiG-15 was equipped with two 23 mm cannon and one 37 mm cannon. MiG-15 Operational History The first upgrade to the aircraft came in 1950, with the arrival of the MiG-15bis. While the aircraft contained numerous minor improvements, it also possessed the new Klimov VK-1 engine and external hardpoints for rockets and bombs. Widely exported, the Soviet Union provided the new aircraft to the Peoples Republic of China. First seeing combat at the end of the Chinese Civil War, the MiG-15 was flown by Soviet pilots from the 50th IAD. The aircraft scored its first kill on April 28, 1950, when one downed a Nationalist Chinese P-38 Lightning. With the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, the North Koreans began operations flying a variety of piston-engine fighters. These were soon swept from the sky by American jets and B-29 formations began a systematic aerial campaign against the North Koreans. With the Chinese entry into the conflict, the MiG-15 began to appear in the skies over Korea. Quickly proving superior to straight-wing American jets such as the F-80 and F-84 Thunderjet, the MiG-15 temporarily gave the Chinese the advantage in the air and ultimately forced United Nations forces to halt daylight bombing. MiG Alley The MiG-15s arrival compelled the US Air Force to begin deploying the new F-86 Sabre to Korea. Arriving on the scene, the Sabre restored balance to the air war. In comparison, the F-86 could out dive and out turn the MiG-15, but was inferior in rate of climb, ceiling, and acceleration. Though the Sabre was a more stable gun platform, the MiG-15s all-cannon armament was more effective than the American aircrafts six .50 cal. machine guns. In addition, the MiG benefited from the rugged construction typical of Russian aircraft which made it difficult to bring down. The most famous engagements involving the MiG-15 and F-86 occurred over northwestern North Korea in an area known a MiG Alley. In this area, Sabres and MiGs frequently dueled, making it the birthplace of jet vs. jet aerial combat. Throughout the conflict, many MiG-15s were covertly flown by experienced Soviet pilots. When encountering American opposition, these pilots often were evenly matched. As many of the American pilots were veterans of World War II, they tended to have the upper hand when facing MiGs flown by North Korean or Chinese pilots. Later Years Eager to inspect the MiG-15, the United States offered a bounty of $100,000 to any enemy pilot who defected with an aircraft. This offer was taken up by Lieutenant No Kum-Sok who defected on November 21, 1953. At the end of the war, the US Air Force claimed a kill ratio of around 10 to 1 for MiG-Sabre battles. Recent research has challenged this and suggested that the ratio was much lower. In the years after Korea, the MiG-15 equipped many of the Soviet Unions Warsaw Pact allies as well as numerous other countries around the world. Several MiG-15s flew with the Egyptian Air Force during the 1956 Suez Crisis, though their pilots were routinely beaten by the Israelis. The MiG-15 also saw extended service with the Peoples Republic of China under the designation J-2. These Chinese MiGs frequently skirmished with Republic of China aircraft around the Straits of Taiwan during the 1950s. Largely replaced in Soviet service by the MiG-17, the MiG-15 remained in many countries arsenals into the 1970s. Trainer versions of the aircraft continued to fly for another twenty to thirty years with some nations. MiG-15bis Specifications General Length:  33 ft. 2 in.Wingspan:  33 ft. 1 in.Height:  12 ft. 2 in.Wing Area:  221.74  sq. ft.Empty Weight:  7,900 lbs.Crew:  1 Performance Power Plant:  1 Ãâ€" Klimov VK-1 turbojetRange:  745 milesMax Speed:  668 mphCeiling:  50,850 ft. Armament 2 x NR-23 23mm cannons in lower left fuselage1 x Nudelman N-37 37 mm cannon in lower right fuselage2 x 220 lb. bombs, drop tanks, or unguided rockets on underwing hardpoints Selected Sources Warbird Alley: MiG-15Aviation History: MiG-15Military Factory: MiG-15 (Fagot)

Pos420 Final Paper Essay Example

Pos420 Final Paper Essay Example Pos420 Final Paper Essay Pos420 Final Paper Essay Unix, Linux, and Windows Server Critique For Kudler Fine Foods POS/420 Unix, Linux, and Windows Server Critique Kudler Fine Foods is an upscale specialty food store located in San Diego California, with 3 locations in La Jolla, Del Mar and Encinitas. Kathy Kudler opened Kudler Fine Foods in June 1998, and grew quickly to open the 3 locations in as little as 5 years. While the mission is to provide the finest products and to assure Kudler is the purveyor of choice for customers aspiring to purchase the finest epicurean delights, the company must have the best possible technology to meet the business needs.The objective is critiquing possible Servers that will improve the protection of data, provide a stable environment to support business, allow transaction monitoring, store sales transactions from POS terminals, backup data, and manage databases. The purpose is to weigh the pros and cons of the different servers, find the one server that will meet the needs of the business, and imple ment the server to the end users. The critique will include security, administration, networking, performance, and programmability.Security When beginning a discussion of computer security, a number of variables come into play. From patch availability to OS popularity, antivirus offerings, user/administrator knowledge and even physical user controls, many elements must be considered to create a computing environment that is secure. While Windows and Linux each have their advantages and disadvantages, neither operating system is, at its core, more or less safe than the other from attacks and data theft.All operating systems have vulnerabilities before they ever ship, and it is up to the administrator of those systems to maintain a level of security that protects the valuable data stored on those servers. Windows and Linux operating systems have a few large advantages and disadvantages that are worth analyzing when considering security. Interestingly enough, the largest advantage is p robably also the largest disadvantage. Windows is the most widely used operating system in the world, so there is a large user community and thousands of employees at Microsoft that work to improve security daily.By the same token, it is also the operating system that is most widely targeted by virus and malware programs that individuals create either to profit or just create general mayhem. Since the Linux user base is much smaller, it is less advantageous for individuals to create viruses and malware for Linux systems, since the impact would be much smaller. Additionally, Linux is a less familiar and more difficult operating system to install and maintain, so the user base for Linux is widely more knowledgeable than that of Windows operating systems.This was exacerbated in previous versions of the Windows OS because user access control was much looser than it is currently. Since the inception of Unix and later Linux, the operating system was predicated on the idea that users shoul d have as limited access directly to the system kernel as possible. (Is Linux Really More Secure Than Windows? , 2011). Another item that is frequently referenced when comparing Windows and Linux security is the configuration of, well, everything. Windows takes the approach of doing as much as is efficient for the user, rather than the user having to do it themselves.Linux forces users to take much more control of any software they install or connections they set up, which adds flexibility but gives birth to a wide array of human error possibilities. There are pros and cons to both of these philosophies, because the Windows approach means the software is probably more secure out of the box, but the Linux software gives users the ability to enhance security in greater detail without having to wait on someone else to develop a security patch. AdministrationThe duty of the administrator is to solve problems that arise when workstations go down and maintain the system to run consistentl y without errors or interruptions. According to Gite the duties of the system administrator are a wide-ranging and vary widely from one organization to another. The administrators not only put out fires but also manage user accounts, password resets, software patches, backup creation, and other various system maintenance tasks (Venezia,  2011). The decision to use any particular server over the other will be based on the business needs.Kudler Foods will need to employ at least one IT employee, and this employee‘s skills will need to be with either the Windows server, or the various flavors of UNIX or Linux. Automating tasks is much easier to do using UNIX and Linux than with the Windows server. UNIX and Linux are both more economical in terms of licensing than the Windows server. Windows servers are able to run batch scripts but are very limited without the available commands that are found in UNIX. Administrators will need to reboot the system only a few times a year while using UNIX or Linux, but will need to reboot the Windows system weekly.All servers have support available, if users are not familiar with servers, then it isn’t necessarily any more difficult to learn one server over another (Jensen, 2007). The recommendation for administration on which server to use for the business depends on the needs of the business and what experience the administrator has with servers. It is recommended in any case that outside tech support is obtained for support that may arise that cannot be maintained by the administrator. Networking Choosing Windows server over Linux has several up and downsides to it. Linux is a freeware, and said to be about 25% faster than windows.Also, the open source software allows for endless possibilities for the IT team. One of the downsides is that a higher level of expertise is needed to keep the environment going. Also, kernel modifications are needed in order to make changes to how things operate. Kernel changes need to be performed perfectly or damage could be done to the entire OS leaving all data inaccessible. Windows may come with license fees but the operating system is pretty fail safe to use, and hard to break. Applications are easier to implement on windows than Linux, as most applications are created for windows use.Access controls are far superior in Windows as well letting the user set access control without having to use software add-ons. Patches are used in both systems however windows patches are all packaged through Microsoft and downloaded with updates, whereas Linux patches are available through open sources as well as commercial providers such as Red Hat (when available). Searching for applications to use with windows are easily found and downloaded. Searching for packages on Linux is much harder and they are sometimes not found (which means having to create them or use a modified version that needs tweaking).Windows server supports standard features such as: The ability to bind multiple network adapters with different media types; this is a great feature to have when using multiple network adaptors, and need them to be used in a certain order. Physical and logical multi-homing; Granting multiple IP addresses access can be a pain, because some may be static and some assigned by DHCP. Sometimes both are not accepted to allow access at the same time. Duplicate IP address detection; Duplicate IP addresses can cause problems locking up one user, and letting the other user have access to areas they should not have access to.Detecting these addresses saves hours of troubleshooting time. Dead gateway detection; Having gateways open and not being used is a security risk that will let outside users gain access to servers. Automatic Path Maximum Transmission Unit discovery; Having to find and set the pathway for certain programs can be a pain using Linux. Having it done automatically can save large amounts of time with multiple programs. Performance enhancements are included such as: Protocol stack tuning; Default window sizes are increased, and new algorithms for high delay and high loss links are included.Round Trip Times as well as timeouts are improved. Number of connections management is improved, and has higher performance. TCP fast recovery and fast re-transmit helping to overcome errors. Windows server has an overall simplistic layout that is a failsafe OS to use. For a smaller company that needs a server for basic use, windows server is the way to go. Using a Linux server will require more expert knowledge to setup and use costing the company the salary of a highly paid employee to manage the server. Basic IT employees can use a windows server to its max, and receive higher levels of tech support if needed.Windows may come with a cost, but it is a fast install that will be ready to go, and use right away. Performance The choice of integrating either a Unix server or a Windows server can be a decision that all comes down to performance. As for Kudler Fine Foods, it will be a decision that will shape the success of a company. There are multiple areas to focus on when looking at system performance. One must take into account system uptime, security impact on performance, hosts accessing the server, database application integration, ability to customize, etc.The different impacts on performance and company expectations help dictate which server to implement into the working environment. The Unix server is vulnerable and has drawbacks just as the Windows server. However, the flaws for the Unix server are less impacting on a company such as Kudler Fine Foods. The Unix server does not provide as many resources for end user support and would require trained and knowledgeable staff that knows the Unix server to operate the system. All features of a Unix server are accessed through the command line and some features are accessed through the Graphical User Interface.The Unix server requires re-boots on a rare occasion such as when system updates occur, application implementation, and application failure. The uptime for a Unix server is generally higher than a windows server. The windows server has more frequent system updates. Updates are common occurrences for the Windows server compared to the Unix server, thus requiring more re-boots for implementation. The server does have an abundant amount of support through Windows, forums, and other organizations.The Windows system does require more re-boots to clear the system out, allow for updates, and address critical software failure. However a system reset every once in a while is not grounds for a final deciding factor on which operating system to implement. Programmability Windows and Linux both come in different â€Å"flavors. † Windows is exclusive to Microsoft but the different versions of Linux come from various companies, including Red Hat, Ubuntu, Xandros, and Knoppix (Tackett amp; Gunter, 1997). Both operating systems have a desktop and s erver version. Both rograms have a GUI and a command line interface. Linux uses fewer resources than Windows and does not suffer from the infamous â€Å"Blue screen of death† faced by many Windows users. Linux is a UNIX based open source operating system designed by programmers scattered around the world. It is capable of operating on a variety of computer platforms (Hart, 2010). Because Linux is an open source program, anyone can access the code to modify or enhance its capabilities to perform a multitude of tasks. The disadvantage to having an open source code is the potential danger of someone deleting vital data.Since Microsoft is proprietary software, this capability is not available in Microsoft’s operating system, reducing the threat to its source code. The original version of the Windows OS was announced in 1982 and shipped in 1985. The Windows NT based OS has been in use since 1993 (Microsoft, 2011). Current versions support direct and sequential access to fil es systems, multiple processors, long descriptive name, task to task communications and synchronization, with increased protection against unauthorized and accidental access or corruption to its files.Several versions support the Windows Application Processing Interface (API) (Hart, 2010). Windows has evolved over the years to a more efficient application with improved graphical capabilities. Current versions of Windows run on a variety of media which include cell phones, handheld devices, laptop PCs and enterprise servers. Both Windows and Linux offer a trial version of their OS but because of its smaller file size, Linux can be run from a CD or flash drive, a feature which Windows can no longer provide.As a supplier of upscale gourmet foods, Kudler’s website uses a variety of graphical designs. The Windows server is a better solution for this company because of its graphical capabilities. Despite Kudler’s consistent growth, the company is committed to keeping its exp enses down and its profit margin up. Linux may seem like a programmer’s dream come true, but the extra expense of hiring a programmer to maintain a Linux environment would be detrimental to the company at this time. Unlike Microsoft’s OS, Linux does not provide an 800 number for support.The company must weigh the benefits of a free open source operating system against the benefits of a paid but supported operating system. Conclusion/ Recommendation Since Linux and Windows both have their individual advantages and drawbacks, a blended solution would meet the needs of the business best. By combining the two operating systems and using them in tandem, Kudler will be able to draw on the strengths of both operating systems to overcome the drawbacks of each. References Jensen, J. (2007). UNIX vs. Windows. Retrieved from networkbits. et Gite, V. (2006). What is the role of the system administrator?. Retrieved from cyberciti. biz/faq/what-is-the-role-of-the-system-administra tor/ Hart, J. M. (2010). Windows system programming. 4th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Addison-Wesley. Microsoft. (2011). A history of windows. Retrieved November 24th from http://windows. microsoft. com/en-US/windows/history Tackett, J. and Gunter, D. (1997). Special edition. Using Linux. 3rd edition. Indianapolis, IN. QUE Corporation. Venezia, P. (2011). The decline and fall of system administration.Retrieved from infoworld. com/d/data-center/the-decline-and-fall-system-administration-375? page=0,1 Capabilities and Functionality. (2011). Retrieved 11/29/11 from http://technet. microsoft. com/en-us/library/cc737697%28WS. 10%29. aspx Is Linux Really More Secure than Windows?. (2011). Retrieved from esecurityplanet. com/trends/article. php/3933491/Is-Linux-Really-More-Secure-than-Windows. htm Windows Server vs. Linux. (2010). Retrieved 11/29/11 from networkworld. com/news/2010/060710-tech-argument-windows-server-linux. html? page=1

Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston, and the First Spreadsheet

Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston, and the First Spreadsheet Any product that pays for itself in two weeks is a surefire winner. That’s what Dan Bricklin, one of the inventors of the first computer spreadsheet. VisiCalc was released to the public in 1979. It ran on an Apple II computer. Most early microprocessor computers had been  supported by BASIC and a few games, but VisiCalc introduced a new level in application software. It was considered a fourth generation software program. Before this,  companies were investing time and money creating financial projections with manually calculated spreadsheets. Changing a single number meant recalculating every single cell on the sheet. VisiCalc allowed them to change any cell and the entire sheet would be automatically recalculated. VisiCalc took 20 hours of work for some people and turned it out in 15 minutes and let them become much more creative,† Bricklin said. The History of VisiCalc Bricklin and Bob Frankston invented VisiCalc. Bricklin was studying for his Master of Business Administration degree at Harvard Business School when he joined up with Frankston to help him write the programming for his new electronic spreadsheet. The two started their own company, Software Arts Inc., to develop their product. I dont know how to answer what it was like because early Apple machines had so few tools,† Frankston said about programming VisiCalc for the Apple II. â€Å"We just had to keep debugging by isolating a problem, looking at memory in the limited debugging – which was weaker than the DOS DEBUG and had no symbols – then patch and retry and then re-program, download and try again and  again...   An Apple II version was ready by the fall of 1979. The team started writing versions for the Tandy TRS-80, the Commodore PET and the Atari 800. By October, VisiCalc was a fast seller on the shelves of computer stores at $100.   In November 1981, Bricklin received the Grace Murray Hopper Award from the Association for Computing Machinery in honor of his innovation. VisiCalc was soon sold to Lotus Development Corporation where it was developed into the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet for the PC by 1983.  Bricklin never received a patent for VisiCalc because software programs were not eligible for patents by the Supreme Court until after 1981. Im not rich because I invented VisiCalc,† Bricklin said, â€Å"but I feel that Ive made a change in the world. Thats a satisfaction money cant buy.   Patents? Disappointed? Dont think of it that way, Bob Frankston said. Software patents werent feasible then so we chose not to risk $10,000.   More on Spreadsheets The DIF format was developed in 1980, allowing spreadsheet data to be shared and imported into other programs such as word processors. This made spreadsheet data more portable.   SuperCalc was introduced in 1980, the first spreadsheet for the popular micro OS called CP/M. The popular Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet was introduced in 1983. Mitch Kapor founded Lotus and used his previous programming experience with VisiCalc to create 1-2-3.   Excel and Quattro Pro spreadsheets were introduced in 1987, offering a more graphical interface.

Hamlet Critical Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hamlet Critical Perspectives - Essay Example This was almost a requirement, because England was under fire from many nations, including Rome and the Catholic church, due to Henry VIII (her father) breaking with the Vatican during his reign. Yet by the start of the seventeenth century, the queen was in her late sixties and to quote the French ambassador De Maisse â€Å"She kept the front of her dress open, and one could see the whole of her bosom†¦and†¦ Her bosom is somewhat wrinkled†. As such Doctor Lavery draws the comparison of her and the elderly Gertrude, with whom Hamlet cannot hide his disgust when she marries Claudius (Lavery). Another contemporary viewpoint that Lavery believes Shakespeare used as a main theme for the play was revenge, especially when it pertained to corruption in government. True Hamlet sought true blood revenge for his father the king was murdered by his own brother in order to seize the throne. But he also grappled with an even bigger problem in that the government should be toppled, with violence if necessary, if it is deemed to be unworkable. Perhaps the founding fathers of the United States learned well from Hamlet and used his ideas when they decided to secede from England well over a century later. Then again it has been said by others that the inspiration for Hamlet was a Latin work from the thirteenth century called Vita Amlethi, well before Elisabeth’s Tudor monarchy had been established. Hamlet uses many mythological references in the work, along with historical figures interspersed to mythological status. For instance, the Roman emperor Julius Caesar (who was a central figure in many of Shakespeare’s works) was mentioned in three times in the play, mostly as part of Hamlet’s play within a play. Speaking of his uncle Claudius, Hamlet refers to him as a satyr, the drunken buffoon in Roman mythology from which we get the word satire. Of course figures from the Judaic Christian belief system is heavily referenced from the obvious refe rences to Cain and Abel (Claudius slew his brother), the beggar Lazarus, Saints Peter, Patrick and James, to Jesus Christ himself. Even the madness of Hercules from Greek mythology is borrowed from, to reference the entire theme of insanity in the play. In his work Teaching Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Douglas Grudzina argues that the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud and his protege Carl Jung looked heavily at the mythological aspects of Hamlet when Jung said â€Å"some myths are repeated throughout history in cultures and eras that could not possibly have had any contact with one another† as in the Greeks and Chinese having basically the same stories. Jung believed that this concept was especially true in relation to religious beliefs. Every culture basically believes in creation and some sort of life after death. Based upon Shakespeare’s own beliefs, that would therefore explain the ghostly appearance of Hamlet’s father, asking that his son avenge him ( Grudzina). The feminism of Hamlet, or lack of it, has been well documented, especially in the late twentieth century and one of the most famous of those was the tragic Ophelia, whose eventual madness was caused by her maltreatment from most if not all of the males she encountered. For a character so well written about by so many scholars, she appears

Discuss Lawlers theories of New Pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discuss Lawlers theories of New Pay - Essay Example The problem with current structure of pay is that it brings insecurity among employees regarding their pay and benefits. With current pay system linked to job grades rather than employee’s performance, It makes it hard for employees to make extra effort for organization’s performance. (Heery, 1996) The new pay theories have become popular in the last decade as academics have been criticizing the old pay systems due to many reasons. It is often argued that the old pay system is not directly related to organization performance and employees feel they are not being acknowledged for their contribution in organization’s performance. (Heneman, 2000) Schuster and Zinghiem criticized the old system and represented the approach of new pay. Their argument was that by linking the pay and rewards to organization strategy and performance will bring benefits. The new pay system will be strategic, business aligned, and performance driven.(Schuster and Zingheim, 1996) The reasons for emphasising this pay system are quite clear; the pay system needs to be aligned with organization strategy and needs rather than a standard bureaucratic system that has been followed for decades. Schuster and Zinghiem extensive research is the force behind the idea of making pay a positive tool for achievi ng excellence in organizations. Although the new theory is well received and appreciated in academia, it is far from implementation in the industry. New pay system is likely to bring discrimination among the employees as people will be paid rather than the job. Another issue could be legal responsibilities that an organization has for its employees. (Sturman and Short, 2006) Case Study: An extensive research into the banking sector regarding new pay system brought out some issues. The research was carried within Finbank reward strategy for managers. The idea behind the research was to align the rewards system with the

DB 4 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DB 4 - Research Paper Example Also, in many cases, the frontline managers of the organization were exceeding the approved labor budgets on a frequent basis as they were facing tremendous issues in measuring the level of productivity of the employees. The company was also facing problems in data integrity as there was a dearth of digitization of data reports at various levels of the organization. To deal with the multiple discrepancies plaguing the organization, Con-way Inc focused on implementing the Kronos Workforce Central solution suite. The main objectives behind the implementation of the organization specific solution suite was to eradicate discrepancies in employee payment as well as to equip the managers of the organization with better visibility and control over important labor metrics that are essential to manage facilities and costs of labor. It is important to highlight that after the implementation of the solution suite throughout the organization, the management gained control in various key metrics like overtime, employee attendance as well as productivity and thereby became highly effective in administering new policies throughout the organization (kronos.com, 2014). The case study of priority implementation of IT in the American subsidiary of Volkswagen brought in to focus that there can be three different types of technological applications that can be designed for an organization. The three types of organization namely based enterprise IT platform, enterprise applications and customized point solutions were prioritized on the basis of the needs that they fulfill in a particular organization (Austin, Ritchie and Gargett, 2007). Now in relating the Con-way example of implementation of the company specific solution suite, it has to be stated that the priority was given in the development of enterprise applications, the main focus of which was to eradicate errors and boost organizational productivity. It

Developing Autonomous Practice in Mental Health Nursing Essay

Developing Autonomous Practice in Mental Health Nursing - Essay Example Assessment in mental health nursing is something that is most understood through its application in the case of a patient. In relation, this essay will then examine case of a patient with Paranoid Schizophrenia, who was the patient during my community placement. Performed in a form of a case study, this essay will pay attention to the patient`s psychiatric and personal history. The current sociological, psychological and physiological needs of the patient will be also examined from the point of view of therapeutic approaches. Moreover, this essay aims to demonstrate how the nursing therapeutic approaches work in practice and develop a deeper understanding of applying some therapeutic methods in the care of individuals suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. More specifically, this paper will utilize Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as the main guiding theory or theoretical perspective in the assessment and intervention processes. In addition, the goal of the paper is to examine the role of the nurse, especially as a health educator, in caring for the mentally ill patient. Finally, this paper will discuss therapeutic nursing interventions, assessment of needs, and patient`s progress, analyze the therapeutic efficacy of environment where the patient is being cared for. Case Study Patient’s Background and History As mentioned, the case to be studied involves schizophrenia. This condition is usually diagnosed in adolescents or young patients. In some cases, it can even manifest in the person’s earlier years of life. The peak incidence for the onset of the disease lies between 15 and 25 years for men and 25 to 35 years for women (America Psychiatric Association, 2004). More specifically, this case study will involve the case of Patrick Jones (pseudonym; the name of the patient is changed for confidentiality), a 25 years old who was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia last year. Paranoid schizophrenia is considered to be the most common type of schizophrenia all over the world. The clinical picture of this condition is characterized by delusions, paranoia. As with most paranoid schizophrenic patients, Patrick Jones usually has perceptual disturbances and hallucinations, generally of the auditory type. Two months before Patrick was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, his girlfriend was killed by a gang committing acts of violence in the neighbourhood. Patrick`s relatives and friends were concerned about his constant complaints of abdominal pain and headache. He experien ced severe appetite loss and as a result he lost a lot of weight in two and a half months - about 12 kg. Patrick stopped taking his showers and did not pay attention to personal hygiene. As a result, his body acquired an unbearable odour. Patrick also developed an ungrounded fear that he was about to be run over by a car, so he constantly stayed at home and refused to leave it even to go to the store to buy himself some food. His behaviour became utterly anti-social. He stayed locked in his bedroom for days. He also had episodes of outbursts of anger with elements of violence, which greatly terrified his family. Because of these different occurrences and observations, as well as the assumed cause of the patient’s condition (death of girlfriend), Patrick’s family opted to call for medical assistance. Thus, Patrick was brought in for assessment and evaluation. After a series of assessments and interactions with the patient,

Learning to look Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning to look - Essay Example The advertisement’s visuals also lead to an immediate and powerful response emotionally, particularly because of the picture of a vintage car with nothing else in the background. This pulls the attention of the viewer, especially those who were children during the generation when the car was released. Anyone who loves the VW van has an immediate feeling of remembrance and nostalgia, especially for people whose parents were owners of the VW van. It is possible to see the number of seats in the car, which gives a feeling of spaciousness. The caption below the advert that states that it is unusual to drive the car you were conceived in is written in bold, pulling the consumer’s attention and seeks to add on to the vintage feel of the car, as well as its nostalgia. Finally, the ad allows the viewer to see its interior, which could evoke memories of childhood with one’s brothers and sisters playing in the backseat. While this advertisement acts as a fine example of how advertising can be effective, it is somewhat reliant on the viewer and the knowledge that he/she has of the car. The particular car in the advert, the VW van, was and still is a symbol for those living in the 60s. During this period, people preferred to paint and color their cars with flowers and psychedelic colors. It was also during this period, in the aftermath of WWII, that most people meant for their cars to represent love and harmony. This message, however, also translated into the sexual liberation movement, which can be seen with the caption below the ad that alludes to this sexual revolution. The VW van captures an iconic brand from a nostalgic period, which, it seems, VW was keen to utilize in that particular form in the advert in order to make sure that a specific pop culture aspect was able to stand time’s test. The advertisement is minimalistic,

Developing Autonomous Practice in Mental Health Nursing Essay

Developing Autonomous Practice in Mental Health Nursing - Essay Example Assessment in mental health nursing is something that is most understood through its application in the case of a patient. In relation, this essay will then examine case of a patient with Paranoid Schizophrenia, who was the patient during my community placement. Performed in a form of a case study, this essay will pay attention to the patient`s psychiatric and personal history. The current sociological, psychological and physiological needs of the patient will be also examined from the point of view of therapeutic approaches. Moreover, this essay aims to demonstrate how the nursing therapeutic approaches work in practice and develop a deeper understanding of applying some therapeutic methods in the care of individuals suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. More specifically, this paper will utilize Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as the main guiding theory or theoretical perspective in the assessment and intervention processes. In addition, the goal of the paper is to examine the role of the nurse, especially as a health educator, in caring for the mentally ill patient. Finally, this paper will discuss therapeutic nursing interventions, assessment of needs, and patient`s progress, analyze the therapeutic efficacy of environment where the patient is being cared for. Case Study Patient’s Background and History As mentioned, the case to be studied involves schizophrenia. This condition is usually diagnosed in adolescents or young patients. In some cases, it can even manifest in the person’s earlier years of life. The peak incidence for the onset of the disease lies between 15 and 25 years for men and 25 to 35 years for women (America Psychiatric Association, 2004). More specifically, this case study will involve the case of Patrick Jones (pseudonym; the name of the patient is changed for confidentiality), a 25 years old who was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia last year. Paranoid schizophrenia is considered to be the most common type of schizophrenia all over the world. The clinical picture of this condition is characterized by delusions, paranoia. As with most paranoid schizophrenic patients, Patrick Jones usually has perceptual disturbances and hallucinations, generally of the auditory type. Two months before Patrick was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, his girlfriend was killed by a gang committing acts of violence in the neighbourhood. Patrick`s relatives and friends were concerned about his constant complaints of abdominal pain and headache. He experien ced severe appetite loss and as a result he lost a lot of weight in two and a half months - about 12 kg. Patrick stopped taking his showers and did not pay attention to personal hygiene. As a result, his body acquired an unbearable odour. Patrick also developed an ungrounded fear that he was about to be run over by a car, so he constantly stayed at home and refused to leave it even to go to the store to buy himself some food. His behaviour became utterly anti-social. He stayed locked in his bedroom for days. He also had episodes of outbursts of anger with elements of violence, which greatly terrified his family. Because of these different occurrences and observations, as well as the assumed cause of the patient’s condition (death of girlfriend), Patrick’s family opted to call for medical assistance. Thus, Patrick was brought in for assessment and evaluation. After a series of assessments and interactions with the patient,

Read argument assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Read argument assignment - Essay Example For starters, we need to clarify that perception checking is a necessary skill that is required for the accurate analysis and objective estimation of a current situation. This is a method by which a person may be prevented from jumping to a conclusion based on a â€Å"perceived reality† with lack of information and observation backing it up. The role of this act is to prevent the effects of a wrong reaction or solution to the problem faced. Which is why as a communication tool, perception checking may be based upon the following principle: Originally, perception checking was not observed to be a universal tool, but it proved to be highly useful in avoiding communication conflicts and misconceptions without which we would be subjected to making the wrong conclusions all the time. However, there are times when the method is also improperly used. So as a rule of thumb, the following guidelines apply to the use of perception checking as a communication tool: first of all we demonstrate the respect for the experience and personality of every individual we communicate with, and build the relations based on honesty and mutual truth. We discourage ourselves from mind reading, and thus, avoid essential mistakes, which originate from it. As the perception tool is so powerful that is can invoke a sense of high confidence in a person, it is important to reiterate to the person being listened to that the listener cares for his or her point of view and respects it. Perception checking is a communication tool that encourages people to think over the existing circumstances of a situation and applying reason and logic to the currently seen outcome. Take the following case as an imaginary example: If it becomes dark in a room, people do not think that a nuclear carrying missile has just destroyed the power plant. People usually think there is a blown fuse which has left the whole house without power. However, the most likely reason for

Some People Think That They Can Learn Better by Themsleves Than with a Teacher Essay Example for Free

Some People Think That They Can Learn Better by Themsleves Than with a Teacher Essay There has been a great deal written about the studying way of students for the past thousand years. Educators have started to wonder whether students should learn with intructors or not. Some people who are against this idea may argue that students ought to study by themsleves, which are likely to block their creativeness. One idea that has received much attention is that the majority of students tend to obtain knowledge from their teachers mainly because of its convenience and utility. This essay will discuss the teachers’ crucial function is not just the offer of excellent traning method but also an motivation for student. First and foremost, the wisdom of teachers can help learners steer their own boat in the ocean of life. For one thing, researchers have claimed that intructors may provide students with a wide range of advance knowledge thanks to their in-depth experience. When students learn without asking teachers’ assistance, they arenot be able to recognize their mistakes on their own and learn other difficult aspects in a lesson as well. For example, a number of students are in trouble in mathemartics; therefore, is is too hard for them to find out the way which in order to solve the problem. Teacher instructs and offers a variety of extra exercises so as to help them afterwards. For another, with teachers, students get the information not only in textbooks and materials but also the teachers’ knowledge. Almost teachers use adequate knowledge and accumulated experience to find the hidden talents of students. Realizing the students’ strong and weak points, which can help inst ructors implement approriate teaching methods for students. Second, a numerous entertainment activities, namely watching TV, searching web and playing games can distract students when they decide to learn subject by themselves at home. Put diferrently, teachers force students concentrate on lessons. They also approach a particular topic logically by taking it step by step. Without teachers, students will skip parts of learning process that arenot nesscesary for them, which can limit their understanding. Opponents of this may state that some people rather to waste their time to go for classes they can learn better with attend online classes by using internet at home since in a competitive world, time is one of the most concerned factors. Furthermore, there is not specific time, age limit to gain something new in online class. They have a point in thinking like that. On the other hand, they forget the fact that students usually start to feel nervous when exams come knocking at the door and teachers are able to prevent this situation by some special methods. In conclusion, it is undeniable teachers play important roles to motivate their children to become a successfull person.First, teachers with wide knowledge always provide students with a good direction to acheive goals. Moreover, they can push students in order to focus on the lessons. If this trend continues, more and more intellectual new generation will lay down a prosperous country.

Technology In Invisible Man And Hollow Man Film Studies Essay

Technology In Invisible Man And Hollow Man Film Studies Essay The classic 1933 film The Invisible Man based on a science fiction novel by H G Wells of the same name is a story which follows the life and demise of Dr. Jack Griffin as he battles psychological and physical effect of an invisibility drug while trying to find a cure to return him to normal visibility. The film was directed by James Whale and starring Claude Rains and is considered to be one of the greatest of a series of films called the Universal horror films produced in the Golden Era 1930s of the Universal Studios. The Invisible Man was a phenomenal success, despite being realised during the Great Depression, and produced several sequels. The success of the film also launched the career of leading actor Claude Rains. Hollow Man released in the year 2000, Director by Paul Verhoeven and starting Elisabeth Shue Kevin Bacon is the modern day equivalent also inspired by H. G. Wells The Invisible Man A scientist develops a serum which renders the flesh of any living life form invisible. After testing the serum on a variety of different animals he decides to inflict it upon himself but after efforts to return him to permanent visibility fail he and his colleagues struggle to find a cure before the mental repercussions take their toll. Despite being inspired and based on H.G Wells original novel, although based in different eras, both films contain many paralleling sequences depicting the various elements of the invisible characters different states. Some key examples of this can be seen when the character turns from totally visible to invisible or visa versa. Sometimes an invisible character is wearing visible clothes and face masks which interact with other cast members and the environment in shot. Both films helped push the boundaries of the special effects available in their respective eras and presented new and exciting challenges to the special effects artist in charge of producing them and it is these effect with can be credit to the susses of both films. John P. Fulton and Frank D. Williams are the men directly responsible for creating the ground breaking effects seen in the The Invisible Man film. On the 23th of July 1916 F. D. Williams filed a US patent entitled Method of Taking Motion Pictures which detailed a method of taking motion pictures, and is especially adapted to produce a picture showing two or more objects in relative positions in which they have not actually been placed (F. D. Williams, 1916. Method of taking motion pictures. U.S. Pat.1,273,435) This process was used and adapted as a base to create the majority of effects which illustrated a partly clothed or bandaged invisible character in the film. To achieve these effect sequences Rains or a double wore a tight fitting black velvet suit underneath any clothes which were to remain visible moving around the scene. The actors performance was then filmed on a black velvet backdrop; a second background plate was filmed and a double exposure was then used to seamlessly combine the two shoots together, this resulted in the black elements from the first shot, the valet suit and backdrop being replaced by the background film in the second shoot. This is a very early version of an effect today know as green screen, in modern times an array of different colours, most commonly green, blue and black are used depending on the backdrop and the colour of other elements in the scene for example if the screen is green heavy or an actors costume includes green, a blue backdrop can be used. After the film was finished Fulton admitted the most difficult shot to achieve of the entire film was when the invisible man is seen to unwrap the bandages from around his head in front of a mirror. To create this sequences four different takes where used of the actor removing the bandages but with different parts of the set masked in black velvet. The first take was used to captor the surrounding walls and mirrors frame but the mirror glass was masked out so it could be captured separately in the second take, the third was of the actors back unwrapping the bandages and the fourth of the actor performing the same unwrapping action but from the front. Each take needed to match in perceptive and viewpoint to enable them to be merged together into a single shoot. (Now you see him:The Invisible man revealed, 2004. DVD. USA: Universal Studios) A parallel can be draw to this sequence in Hollow Man when efforts to restore the invisible scientist Sebastian Caine played by Kevin Bacon fail. His colleges make the decision to create Sebastian a synthetic face mask by pouring liquid latex over his head to help give him a visible presents. There was a lot of discussion about what had been done before in invisible man movies and Paul was very concerned we did not repeat all been done before Alec Gillis (Fleshing out the hollow man, 2007. DVD. London: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment) In the Hollow Man special features The Mask, Tom Woodruff, Jr. from Amalgamated says our main drive was coming up with something that looked like Kevin Bacon but also looked like some crudely constructed mask (Fleshing out the hollow man, 2007. DVD. London: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment) The choice to use a latex mask molded to the actors face did indeed make bacon more recognisable to the audience which dose help further ground the entire effect. Unlike The Invisible Man where bandages are wrapped around Rains head, disguising his characteristic features to the point where it could be anyone and inevitably allowing the director to cast doubles in some shots which is noticeable due to the double being taller than rains. To a achieve the effect of liquid latex being poured and conforming around the actors face which would seemingly to appear out of thin air, The actors face was covered in green body paint which was later digital removed from the plate leaving only the latex. According to Alec Gills from Amalgamated Dynamics and Jonathan Erland of Composite Components, experts in green screen technology, a new type of body paint was developed which was used to actively turn Bacon into a walking green screen which in its self was a major development to allow the actor to be painted out of many scenes in the film. Many safety guidelines had to be followed in its creation, the paint had to be durable as well as being safe for actor Bacon to wear during the busy filming schedule. Green vacuum formed pieces of plastic were placed over the actors eyes to help protect them from scissors while eye holes were cut into the mask they also helped in the masking out of Bacons actual to allow the integrate of a 3D generated model of the inside of the latex mask to aid the illusion of a hollow interior. (Now you see him:The Invisible man revealed, 2004. DVD. USA: Universal Studios) Turning Bacon into his walking green screen state meant he was able to physically act out all of his scenes even if he was in a fully indivisible state in the film because of high tech digital camera used in the filming were able to record their own movements, after a take was filmed the camera was able to automatically re-film the empty background set precisely based on the pre-recorded tilt pitch and pan data, because this generated an exact duplicate plate made the job of digital removal of Bacon far easier, this in turn allowed the cinematographer to create much more dynamic and interesting camera moves. This also provided bacons fellow actors a precise focus point in a scene which as something just not possible in The Invisible Man as camera had to remain static and Rain was filmed on at black ground and composited back into the sequence later. Filming Bacon in the scene also supplied the special effects team with a great animatic and lighting reference to match any CG elements to. A second paralleling sequence between the two films can be seen when the main character passes between the states of visible to invisible. In Hollow Man after developing and successfully testing an invisibility serum on animal subjects, Sebastian decides to take his experiments to the next level, a human trail by inject himself with the serum which triggers the dramatic transformation to invisibility, although in reverse this effect sequence is also used in the last scene of The Invisible Man when of Dr. Jack Griffin dies the invisibility which has plaged him thought out the film final wears off and his body becomes visible throw death. As Griffin fiancà ©e Flora sits down beside his bed the camera changes to an Answering Shoot, a technique used to show dialogue between two characters. The camera is moved to look over Floras left shoulder, although we the audience start to hear Griffins voice speak his last words we can see Flora is still in fact looking at a hollow night shirt tucked up in bed and an impression in the pillow where Griffins head ought to be. In this shoot the night shirt is seen subtly rising and falling to indicate breathing but this has not been animated in keeping with the words we can hear Griffin speaking. After a brief close-up shot of Flora, the camera cuts back to a close up of Griffins imprint in the bed. Almost immediately the transformation takes place and this is the first time in the film the audience see Rains face and after a slow plan back the film ends. This was done directly in the camera, the pillow, the indentation and all was made of plaster and the blankets and sheets of papier-mà ¢chà ©, a slow long lap dissolve revealed a skeleton, a real by the way another lap dissolve replaced the skeleton with a roughly sculpted dummy which suggested the contours of the actor and a further series of dissolves each time using a slightly more finished dummy brought us to the real actor himself John P Fulton DVD commentary. (The Invisible man, DVD 2004. DVD. USA: Universal Studios) The potential problem with using this technique of layering full frames is if any other supposedly static object moves thought out any of frames the in the scene this will becomes very obvious. This is most notable when the corner of the bed sheet moves between the skull and full face transition. In contrast Hollow man is able to utilise many modern techniques for this transformation from visible to invisibility, most notably computer graphics. In the equivalent scene actor Kevin Bacon character seemingly dissolve away; multiple different layers of human anatomy effectively dissolve from one layer to the next. His skin gives way to the layers of muscles, tendons, internal organs and eventually only an animated skeleton left thrashing around on the table for a short period before it too disappears. A scene only made possible by today standards by continually pushing the boundaries of computer graphics. Another thing that made it more difficult for us was the actual amount of data and amount of geometry we had to push though are system, we had to buy better and faster computers to actually handle it Scott Stokdyk, Digital Effects Supervisor (Fleshing out the hollow man, 2007. DVD. London: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment) This was a necessary step in the case of Hollow Man as unlike other CG characters generated for feature films which only require modelling the outer skin of a character, the team at Sony had to go to great lengths to produce all the different individual internal elements of the human body to achieve this effect sequence. Before work on the CG character could begin preliminary research into human anatomy was carried out by the team who looked out medical journals and the work of Dr.Gunther von Hagens who painted a technique for preserving human tissue with polymer which is used in the Body Works exhibitions. The team then started RD testing ways of adding animated controls to models of the human body capable of simulating not only the overall human body movements but also controlling all the individual elements that comprise of the human body. After Kevin Bacon was selected to play the lead role full body cyber scans were generated to match the 3D representation which allowed modelling supervisor Wayne Kennedy and the team to match his likeness as close as possible as . But While modelling techniques were still being developed the arising problems meant a separate department, pushing software development and plug-in creation. Modern films produced with digital technology arent as restrictive as in the analogue period, new software can be custom written for a specific task. The production team worked with Maya to accomplish the majority of 3D work used in the film as another advantage of the digital workflow, meant custom tools built for the studios pervious film Stuart Little were adapted and applied where needed to Hollow man. (Shay,E., 2000. Hollow Man: Disappearing Act.Cinefex,83, 111) (more pictures to be added) (conclusion be rewritten) Although there have only been two scenes discussed, many parallels can be drawn between the two films, in the way the audiences react to them, and the effects used. Although due mostly to technological and creative advancement, there are also many differences in how the effects were achieved. One thing can be said for both films though, at the time of their release both films were at the cutting of technology. Keeping the audiences at the edge of their seats in true horror fashion. The Invisible Man used many of the original techniques, which became the basis for modern cinema and would evolve and go on to be used in Hollow Man almost seven decades later. Techniques such as the Williams process or travelling mattes as they are also known. These processes would go on to become green and blue screen techniques used in todays film industry. Like many of the horror classics from the analogue period, The Invisible Man has become very dated. The effects were believable at its time of release they have become less so as the years have gone by. In some scenes the effects are quiet comical in execution by todays standards. The techniques used were also not fool proof, even at the time of production. The use of different lighting set ups used to achieve some composited effects, caused instances of ghosting where the set was visible through the character. These factors have lead to the film becoming less convincing as the years have passed. The same advancement in technologies, has also meant that films such as Hollow Man could be produced reaching new levels of realism. Firmly putting audiences back in the grasps of fear. It took the team at Sony Picture Imageworks over 2 years to create the visual effects used in Hollow Man with the vast development of computers, plugins and software advancements. The finished result keeps Hollow Man on par with films being released a decade later. With further developments in technology and computer generated imagery, it can only mean bigger, better things to come. Keeping audiences on the edge of their seats. Sussce of film made 7 more Refs (The Invisible man, DVD 2004. DVD. USA: Universal Studios) (Now you see him:The Invisible man revealed, 2004. DVD. USA: Universal Studios) (Shay,E., 2000. Hollow Man: Disappearing Act.Cinefex,83, 111) (Fleshing out the hollow man, 2007. DVD. London: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment) (F. D. Williams, 1916. Method of taking motion pictures. U.S. Pat.1,273,435) Rickitt, R., 2000. Special Effects the history and technique. London: Virgin Books http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invisible_Man_%28film%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Man Hollow Man: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0164052/

Lenonard Bernstein :: essays research papers

Leonard Bernstein was born in Lawrence, just north of Boston, on Sunday, August 25, 1918. Bernstein was named Louis at birth, after his mother’s grandfather, but at the age of sixteen he had it formally changed to Leonard, or Lenny. As a child, Bernstein was sick very often with asthma and hay fever. Perhaps due to these and many other medical conditions, Bernstein preferred to be alone. He didn’t care to spend much time with his family or even with his peers. Most likely because of this self-isolation, Bernstein’s passion for music developed at a young age. At the age of ten, Leonard’s family received a piano from an aunt who no longer needed it. She knew of Leonard’s love for music, but I doubt she knew what a great impact this gift would have, not only on Leonard, but also on the world of music. After the young boy began to show an interest in the instrument, a neighbor offered to give him lessons, which lasted for about a year. After that year, Bernstein was no longer satisfied with his teacher, so he went out to find another one. He was referred to a teacher by the name of Miss Susan Williams and despite his father’s protest, this teaching relationship with Miss Williams lasted for two years. When Bernstein decided that he needed a more professional teacher, he went under the education of Helen Coates, who would later become a life long friend and secretary. After four years of working under Helen, he was accepted as a student of Heinrid Gebhard, who was the best piano teacher in Boston. At the age of seventeen, Bernstein was accepted at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was interested in many other things other than music. For example, philosophy and history were both subjects of great importance to him. After graduating from Harvard cum laude in 1939, Leonard spent a year in New York City. He met many influential people throughout the course of this year, including Aaron Copland. Aaron Copland is regarded as being Bernstein’s composing mentor. In fact, Copland was probably the most important influence on All-American music at this time. Bernstein and Copland had many similarities that may have enabled them to create the very strong bond between them. They both came from Russian/Jewish families; both men were raised in urban areas; both became involved in left wing politics; and both were homosexual.

Modules on skills and materials Essay

â€Å"Well prepared teachers have a large repertoire of activities for their classes. They can organise preparation and controlled output practice; they can direct students in the acquiring of receptive skills and organise genuinely communicative activities. This repertoire of activities enables them to have varied plans and achieve an activities balance.† â€Å"The Practice of English Language Teaching† Harmer Which of the techniques outlined in this module, and elsewhere in the modules on skills and materials, would you use in order to achieve genuine communication in the classroom? This task should refer to other areas of the course. You should aim to write about 750 words. The ultimate aim of teaching English to speakers of other languages is to achieve genuine communication by limiting teacher talking time and maximising student participation. Simply standing in front of a class and telling things to the students does not guarantee they will learn them. Students need to be actively involved in the lessons. A vital step in establishing a class of active learners is classroom management. There are many techniques which can be implemented in order to achieve genuine communication within the classroom. Communication should take place the minute the class begins. Getting into the habit of ‘chatting’ to the students at the start of a lesson gives them the chance to take part in natural conversation. This can be achieved by greeting the students and allowing five minutes to go around asking what people did at the weekend, for example. This gets students speaking before they have had a chance to worry about getting involved. In order to create an open learning environment and aid the flow of communication, the furniture in the classroom should be arranged appropriately. Ideally, the furniture should be  arranged in a circle as it allows all the students to be involved and creates a sense of equality. However, if this is not possible, a semi-circle or some form of group arrangement is best. A semi-circle ensures the students are able to see any visual aids clearly and as many students as possible have eye contact with the teacher. A group arrangement allows for a huge degree of interaction and can be useful in mixed-ability classes, where groups of students can concentrate on different communication tasks according to their ability. Another great way of rousing communication is to show interest in the students by getting to know about their interests and backgrounds. This allows teachers to make conversation before and after class using personal information. How is your new cat? Is your husband feeling better? It is encouraging for the students and they are more likely to want to speak about themselves, their families, etc. Getting to know the students also allows teachers to personalise lessons and set up relevant discussions. This increases student involvement by allowing them to express opinions about their environment and personal experiences. A similar technique is to talk about current affairs or news stories. These are subjects that the students are likely to have knowledge of and will be able to discuss amongst themselves. This will encourage students to find interesting stories or anecdotes they can share with the class or to keep themselves informed so they can have meaningful input in class activities. Current newspaper and magazine articles can be cut out and used to prompt discussions. These techniques can allow the students to take control of the conversation, reducing teacher talk time and consequently further their learning. Relevant and realistic practise of language is important in spurring meaningful communication from students. Teachers should focus on elements of language and communication that are necessary for the student’s goals or are of personal interest. The types of activities utilised in a lesson can give more or less opportunities for communication. The most obvious way to get someone talking is to ask them questions, but teachers should really think about the kinds of questions they ask. Closed questions are simple direct questions that can be useful for checking understanding or reviewing language, whereas open questions do not always have a single or right answer and get the students thinking. Both types of questions are useful in the classroom and teachers should establish a good balance between  the two. Furthermore, questions should be directed to the whole class initially, rather than a named individual, as this ensures all students are alert and thinking about the answer should they be chosen to respond. Another technique to keep students focused is avoiding asking questions in a fixed order. Teachers should mix it up by darting around the classroom, keeping the students on their toes. Asking questions can be rather limiting in the degree of communication it fosters and it involves a lot of initial input by the teacher. In order to encourage genuine communication between students so they get the most out of the experience, teacher talking time needs to be limited. Group or pair-work activities are a great way to do this. They generate conversation and communication flows more naturally. Well prepared group or pair-work activities should require students to maintain communication in order to complete the task. They dramatically increase the amount of speaking time each student gets in the class and allow students to interact independently without guidance of the teacher. This promotes learner independence and more spontaneous communication. Role-plays, dialogues, sketches, etc. can be a great way to reduce anxiety about speaking. Students may be embarrassed at first, but become less self-conscious as they concentrate on the character or role they are required to carry out, thus produce more natural language. In addition, prompts, such as role cards and realia can be provided as an aid for the students to use during their performance. It is important for the teacher to continue monitoring groups during fluency tasks to ensure English is being spoken. It is imperative that the use of the mother tongue language is limited in the class. If the class are of differing nationalities, this aids communication as the students have no choice but to use English to communicate. Thus, there are many techniques that can be adopted to ensure genuine communication is achieved in every lesson. It is important for teachers to really think about all aspects of the lesson, including the introduction, seating arrangement, the delivery of activities, materials used, etc. prior to teaching in order to maximise student talk time so that each individual gains the most out of their experience within the classroom. TASK FOR SUBMISSION TO YOUR TUTOR TASK 2 You are working in an ESOL school with class sizes of 14-18. Your boss does not like your school’s current way of testing spoken English. At the moment it is tested in a one-on-one, 2 minute speaking test at the end of course with a mark from 0-10. It does not seem to be working well and takes up a whole lesson from the course. He has asked for suggestions as to how to change the system. With reference to what you have studied in this and other modules, and to your own experience and reading, make some suggestions to your boss as to how the school could assess the spoken English of the students in a more accurate and less pressurized way. You should write about 400 – 500 words to send as an email setting out your ideas. Dear ______, In light of your recent request for ideas as to how to change the current way of testing spoken English, I would like to propose the following suggestions. Rather than a one-on-one end of year speaking test, we could adopt a task approach and assess the students speaking ability in a variety of ways throughout the duration of the course. We could create tasks that require the students to use the language in ‘real-life’ communicative performances. This type of testing is advantageous as it can be conducted with more than one student at a time, reducing the amount of time dedicated to the testing. It allows the students to use their language knowledge and competence in ‘real-life’ communications with their peers. It is a more realistic and accurate measure of their abilities. Not only do these tasks test accuracy and fluency, they also test how creatively the students are able to use language and whether they are able to communicate effectively with each other . It is likely to reduce the pressure they feel about a single ‘interview’ with the teacher, particularly if they get to perform the  tasks with other students so the focus isn’t solely on them. Adopting this kind of testing approach will allow us to carry out a number of different oral tests throughout the course, assessing a variety of skills. There are a number of different tasks that could be used such as role plays, debates and presentations. Role Plays: We can give them a specific situation and roles to play that utilise the language they have learnt. Role plays can be used informally throughout the course so the students get lots of time to practice for a formal assessment. Debates: We could split the classes into groups and have each group debate an argument relating to different topics they have studied. Each group would be split into two smaller groups, one to represent each side of the argument. The students can be given time in or out of class to prepare their side of the debate. Each side could be allocated a specific time for giving their initial argument in which each student has to contribute the same amount of time. Again, debates can be used informally throughout the course to practice language, allowing students ample of practice before the formal assessment. Class Presentation: We could assign group projects for the students to carry out in or out of class. The students will have a deadline to complete the project, at the end of which they will be asked to give a group presentation. We can provide them with guidelines of what to include and what skills they will be individually tested on. Another way to test students individually that takes away the pressure of ‘performing’ in front of the class is to ask them to make a recording. In a previous school, we had students read a short story and then asked them to imagine they were one of the characters. They had to record themselves giving an account of what happened according to their {the characters} personal experience. The students were allowed time to think about what they wanted to say before making the recording. After assessment, the students listened to each other’s recordings and gave constructive feedback to their classmates. This type of assessment was carried out a number of times throughout the course, with notable improvements across the board. Although this approach is less realistic, it gives the students a chance to hear themselves speaking and pinpoint their own mistakes which they can work on in the future. I hope these suggestions are of use and we are able to implement a more successful way of testing the oral skills of the students.

Childhood Obesity Annotated Bib

English 100/009 Annotated bibliography- Child Obesity in America Taras, H. , Potts-Datema, W. (2005) Obesity and student performance at school. Journal of School Health, 75, 291-295. Retrieved October 4, 2005 from EBSCO (8) This Journal talks about obesity among school-aged children and academic outcomes. The authors reviewed published studies investigating obesity, school performance, and rates of student absenteeism. The book is recent (2005) so I feel that the information provided will still be the similar to today.I feel this is relevant to my research as it proves that obesity can cause problems in other important aspects of life. It also provides very satisfying facts that will back my research very well. Okie, Susan. Fed Up! : Winning the War against Childhood Obesity. Washington, D. C: Joseph Henry Press, 2005. Print. This book examines some of the factors contributing to childhood obesity, such as poor diet, lack of exercise, suburban sprawl, and TV, and provides advice on h ow parents can make positive changes. It primarily focuses on these issues within America.It covers a wide variety of topics with the main topic of obesity, which I think I will find beneficial to my research as all these factors contribute. Dalton, Sharron. Our Overweight Children: What Parents, Schools, and Communities Can Do to Control the Fatness Epidemic. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. Print. This book looks at what's behind the statistics and diagnoses, and considers what can be done about the major health crisis threatening American children. Dalton begins with the basics: what obesity is, what causes it, and why it matters.Integrating information from scientific and popular sources, she reviews current diet and exercise recommendations for healthy living, comparing these recommendations with everyday realities experienced by American families. I feel this book will be good for all general understanding as it starts basic and then gets more in depth. I believ e this will contribute well to my research as it covers a wide basis and focus on main points that could be causing this epidemic i. e parents. Smith, J C. Understanding Childhood Obesity.Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1999. Internet resource. Dr. J Clinton Smith tries to cover nearly every field of obesity research. The book deals with methods of control, the body’s physical and chemical makeup, prevention strategies, new treatments and behavior modifications and future research. Again, this will be very beneficial to my research but even more so as it focuses a lot on the psychological side of obesity, where as the others and focusing more on the food itself and the contributing factors. Hills, Andrew P, Neil A.King, and Nuala M. Byrne. Children, Obesity and Exercise: Prevention, Treatment, and Management of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity. London: Routledge, 2007. Print. This book covers 3 major topics of obesity: the prevention, treatment and the management . Even though this not specifically for American children, I feel that it will still be beneficial as obesity is a global epidemic. I believe this will be a good aspect for my research as it covers how obesity in children can be prevented and I feel this is what America needs to know.

Education versus Experience Essay

The topic under discussion today is experience versus education. Can experience make up for the lack of a degree, or does a degree provides something that experience cannot? Is one more valuable than the other? Talk about a discussion that will have you chasing your tail! It’s truly a trap debate because the right answer is ‘it depends’ (Author: John Ha www. reliableplant. com). This means that we can not give an overall view to the worlds prospective. In this essay I will prop up the experience group as weighed against to the education as according to me it is more worthy and admirable. Although both the terms are by hook or by crook inter related but still there is one chief difference in the two. Education can be gained through experience but there is no chance of gaining experience through education as experience is only achieved by understanding different circumstances. There is an immense need of understanding the meaning of different textbooks educating you with different things. This understanding can only be gained through experiencing the unusual circumstances of life. This means that although education is awfully essential part of our lives but it can not hammer the experience that an aged person has. In my eyes experience can tackle a problem without education whereas the education cannot tackle a problem without experience. In this article I am sustaining the experience and philanthropic worth to experience as weighed against to the education. In this article more focus is on firefighters and paramedics that require more experience than education. Even a highly educated person cannot deal an emergency as well as a lesser educated and more experienced person can. ‘Education is the process of training and developing the knowledge, skill, mind, character, etc especially by formal schooling, teaching and training’ (Webster’s Dictionary). This means that education is only amassing of knowledge about something but we are not proverbial with the things which will ensue when we will try to put this knowledge into it. ‘What is education, knowledge in basic skills, academics, technical, discipline, citizenship or is it something else? Our society says only scholastic nitty-gritty are imperative and that is based on accumulating knowledge without understanding its worth. How about the processing of knowledge, using muse, farsighted ambitions, creativity, risk, ability to rebound back from failure, motivation? Most education institutions don’t deem these skills. These skills are allied with understanding the value of knowledge. There is a huge disconnected gap and this is a problem for high school students in particular’ (www. motivation-tools. com). This is education all about and what we can dig up and be on familiar terms with from education. ‘Experience is the act of living through an event or events; personal involvement in or observation of events as they occur’ (Webster’s Dictionary). We can be the expert in any subject only by being greatly experienced in the certain subject. It is not a subject of our school time tables. Here it means that the subject of our life. It means that certain profession of our life for example Firefighter-Paramedics. ‘Experience refers to the nature of the events someone or something has undergone. Experience is what is happening to us all the time as long as we exist. Experience, used in the present tense, refers to the slanted nature of one’s contemporary existence. Humans have a multitude of expressions, behaviors, language, emotions, etc. that typify and transmit our moment-to-moment experiences. Experience, used in the past tense, refers to the accumulated product (or residue) of past experiences e. g. , after many hours of training and practice building furniture out of wood, we now consider him to be an experienced wood craftsman’ (www. wilderdom. com). We are more in concern with the experience from the past. The events that took place and what we learnt from them. â€Å"Firefighters are rescuers comprehensively trained first and foremost to put out perilous fires that threaten civilian populations and property to salvage people from car accidents, collapsed and burning buildings and other such situations. The increasing convolution of modern industrialized life with an increase in the scale of hazards has stimulated both advances in firefighting technology and a broadening of the firefighter-rescuer’s remit. They occasionally provide emergency medical services† (WIKIPEDIA). This is one source that requires more experience in there profession. â€Å"A paramedic is a medical professional, habitually a member of the emergency medical service, who principally provides pre-hospital sophisticated medical and trauma care. A paramedic is emotional with providing emergency on-scene treatment, catastrophe intrusion, and life-saving stabilization and, when apposite, convey of ill or injured patients to definitive emergency medical and surgical treatment facilities, such as hospitals and trauma centers† (WIKIPEDIA). This is another field which acquires mostly the experience than education. Although the education is very essential part in this profession but without experience it is almost impossible to deal with emergency cases. This is the reason giving great importance to the experience sectors.