Destructive natural phenomena Essay Example for Free

Destructive natural phenomena EssayAmong the most destructive natural phenomena cookd by nature and known to manhood atomic number 18 earth quavers. Earthquakes atomic number 18 not only considered as one of the most destructive, but among the most frightening, traumatic and violent as well. In addition, earthquakes are beyond mans control. They are also unpredictable. This paper aims to answer the following questions How do earthquakes find? What causes earthquakes? Based on its scientific definition, an earthquake is the result of a sudden movement of the earths crust due to the stress released from geologic faults or by vol quite a littleic activity. Sometimes it is also called as seism or quake (Earthquakes). We often think that an earthquake is merely the shaking of the set up based on what we experience and what we see in the news. What we are not really certified of is that an earthquake happens everyday. It is reported by the United States Geological Survey that over 3 million earthquakes occur yearly which means every 11 seconds, an earthquake takes place. Thats around 8,000 earthquakes a day. Most of the time, the majority of these quakes are and tidy sumnot be felt.What alert us are the stronger earthquakes that happen in highly populated areas. In order to determine an earthquakes strength, scientists measure earthquake strength by using a seismograph. The information gathered by the graph is thusly calculated. The unit of measuring an earthquakes strength or intensity is the Richter scale which is in turn used to rate the energy released by the quake which is known as the magnitude. When an earthquake occurs, it nonstoply produces waves referred as seismic wave. There are several types of seismic waves but the waves responsible inthe first hardly a(prenominal) strikes of movement during an earthquake are called body waves. These waves often travel at the earths inner part (Harris, 2001). With the help of the P waves and the S waves , which are the types of body waves, scientists are able to determine where an earthquake took place. P waves also known as primary waves can travel through diametrical mediums. It can travel through solids, liquids and even gases. It travels faster and hit the ground first. On the other hand the S waves or the secondary waves follows through making the ground also shake.Apparently these waves helps scientist locate an earthquakes epicentre of location. Through the help of seismographs, the amount of time between the P waves and the S waves are so recorded which is called seismogram, this will thusly determine how far away the earthquake was from the location. Most of the time it takes 3 seismographs to locate the epicenter or the exact steerage of the earthquake which is called triangulation (Wald, 2008). During early times, natural causes were accounted with the anger of the gods that were displeased with mans action.Today, natural disasters are no longer accounted to ancient gods anymore. Instead, man explains such occurrences based on advanced(a) science. There are many causes of earthquakes. These can be attributed to volcanic eruptions or even explosions created by humans but the most browse potential cause of this is the seismic dwelling movement. The plate tectonic theory states that the surface layer of the earth called lithosphere is comprised of different plates. Through the advent of the plate tectonic theory, different phenomena and facts that were formerly unknown were finally understood.Facts such as the movement of the continents and volcanic activities were just among the few facts that plate tectonics had unveiled. Since plates tend to slide on the land below the lithosphere, any of the three different things can happen at the boundaries between these huge plates (1) the plates can move apart- whenever this occurs, hot, molten rock called magma, flows up. Magma will then appear on the surface, an activity that mostly happens on the oc ean floor turning it into lava which in turn cools down and fills the gaps when it hardens.The area where this occurs is called the divergent plate boundary. (2) The plates can push together- an occurrence where in one plate is pushed under the other one which is called subduction. When the plate is then pushed beneath, it melts down in the lower mantle layers. Although plates strike the tendency to subduct with one another there are certain boundaries wherein neither of these two plates would be able to do so thus, the tendency of each plate is to push one another and form mountains. The convergent plate boundaries are an area where plates are more like to push against each other.The plates would slide against each other- when this happens the plates are then pushed tightly together building a great tension in the transform boundary (Harris, 2001). We all know that earthquakes may occur anywhere and anytime but there are certain areas that are close enough where frequent actions o f tremblors take place. The ring of fire is a zone where frequent earthquakes as well as volcanic eruptions occur. It is said that almost 90% of earthquakes in the world is experienced in this area.Countries like the United States, Indonesia, Canada, Brazil, Colombia and Chile are some of the areas that are prone to tremblors (Crystal, 2008). An earthquake brings fear and devastation is alarming. Furthermore, the inability to predict an earthquake makes it even more fearful. Though scientists are still smell for ways to minimize the devastating effects of an earthquake, knowledge and the understanding earthquakes are mans best defence. Earthquakes education serves as the best protection and the hopes and continuous researches provides more security and helps in devastation prevention.References Earthquakes. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth edition. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/earthquakes Harris, T. (2001). Ho w Earthquake Works. How Stuff Works. Retrieved June 12, 2008, from http//science. howstuffworks. com/earthquake. htm Wald, L. (2008). The Science of Earthquakes. U. S. Geological Survey. Retrieved June 12, 2008 from http//earthquake. usgs. gov/ breeding/kids/eqscience. php Crystal, E. (2008). Pacific Ring of Fire. Crystalinks. Retrieved June 12, 2008 from http//www. crystalinks. com/rof. html